Twityer Post About Christmas Is About a Family Finding Safety as Asylum Seekers

Person who leaves their country of origin for some other land and applies for refuge

Aviary seekers in 2015^[ane]

Total population
3.219 million
Regions with significant populations
Europe and North Asia	ane.299 million
Sub-Saharan Africa	1.293 million
Americas	350,697
Middle East and North Africa	142,371
Asia and the Pacific	134,613

An asylum seeker is a person who leaves their country of residence, enters another country and applies for asylum (i.e., international protection) in this other country. An asylum seeker is an immigrant who has been forcibly displaced and might accept fled their home state because of war or other factors harming them or their family unit. If their instance is accepted, they go considered a refugee.^[two] The terms asylum seeker and refugee are ofttimes dislocated.

A person becomes an asylum seeker by making a formal application for the correct to remain in some other state and keeps that condition until the application has been concluded. The relevant clearing authorities of the country of asylum make up one's mind whether the asylum seeker will be granted protection and become an officially recognized refugee or whether aviary will exist refused and the asylum seeker becomes an illegal immigrant who may be asked to exit the country and may even be deported.

In North American English, the term asylee is also used. An asylee tin either be an asylum seeker, as defined above, or a person whose claim for asylum was accepted and asylum was granted.^[3] On average, about one million people apply for asylum every twelvemonth.^[4]

The asylum seeker may exist recognised as a refugee and given refugee condition if their circumstances autumn into the definition of refugee co-ordinate to the 1951 Refugee Convention or other refugee laws—such as the European Convention on Human Rights, if asylum is claimed inside the European union. All the same, signatories to the refugee convention create their own policies for assessing the protection status of asylum seekers, and the proportion of asylum applicants who are accepted or rejected varies each year from country to country.

Types of asylum and protection [edit]

Asylum as an institution is not restricted to the category of individuals who qualify for refugee condition. On the contrary, this institution predates the nascence of the international authorities for the protection of refugees.

Aviary seekers who have committed crimes confronting peace, a war law-breaking or a crime against humanity, or other serious not-political crimes, or whose deportment are contrary to the purposes and principles of the United nations, are excluded from international protection.^[v]

Convention refugee condition [edit]

Equally of i July 2013, there were 145 parties to the 1951 Refugee Convention and 146 to the 1967 Protocol. These states are bound past an obligation under international law to grant asylum to people who fall within the definition of Convention and Protocol.^[vi] The refugee definitions of 1951 and 1967 are the strictest and about exclusive and persons who fall within this definition are called Convention refugees and their condition is called Convention refugee condition. Persons who practice not fall within this definition may still be granted complementary forms of protection, if they fall within other refugee definitions.

The applied determination of whether a person is a refugee or not is nigh often left to sure government agencies within the host country. In some countries the refugee status conclusion (RSD) is done by the UNHCR. The burden of substantiating an asylum claim lies with the claimant, who must plant that they authorize for protection.^{[7] [8]}

In many countries, state-of-origin information is used past migration officials as part of the assessment of aviary claims, and governments commission research into the accuracy of their land reports. Some countries accept studied the rejection rates of their migration officials making decisions, finding that individuals refuse more applicants than others assessing like cases—and migration officials are required to standardise the reasons for accepting or rejecting claims, so that the determination of one adjudicator is consistent with what their colleagues determine.^[nine]

The refugee definition of the 1951 Convention is universally binding, simply there are many other definitions according to which protection may be offered to people who do non autumn within this definition.

Subsidiary protection status [edit]

Subsidiary protection is an international protection for persons seeking asylum who do non qualify as refugees. Information technology is an pick to become asylum for those who practice not accept a well-founded fear of persecution (which is required for refugee status according to the 1951 Convention), just do indeed accept a substantial risk to be subjected to torture or to a serious impairment if they are returned to their state of origin, for reasons that include state of war, violence, disharmonize and massive violations of human being rights.^[ten] The Universal Proclamation of Man Rights and European Spousal relationship law have a broader definition of who is entitled to asylum.

Temporary protection visa [edit]

Temporary protection visas are used to persons in Australia who applied for refugee status after making an unauthorised arrival. It is the main blazon of visa issued to refugees when released from Australian immigration detention facilities and they are required to reapply for it every 3 years.

Statistics of asylum decisions [edit]

Outcomes of asylum applications between 2014 and 2007

Decisions	2014 [11]	2013 [12]	2012 [thirteen]	2011 [14]	2010 [15]	2009 [16]	2008 [17]	2007 [eighteen]
Convention refugee status	286,723	213,723	210,851	172,566	175,163	225,112	148,241	149,133
Complementary protection status	339,783	72,832	51,058	43,945	47,822	49,430	62,726	60,048
Rejected	434,850	376,181	437,969	360,746	356,154	310,945	304,811	259,982
Otherwise closed	349,440	219,461	205,351	192,472	153,016	158,219	148,001	170,704
Full	i,410,796	881,197	915,023	770,406	732,155	743,205	669,316	639,844

Status conclusion processes [edit]

Group decision [edit]

Asylum seekers may be given refugee status on a group basis. Refugees who went idea the group condition decision are also referred to as prima facie refugees. This is done in situations when the reasons for seeking refugee status are by and large well known and individual cess would otherwise overwhelm the capacities of assessors. Group determination is more than readily washed in states that not but take accepted the refugee definition of the 1951 Convention, but also use a refugee definition that includes people fleeing indiscriminate or generalized violence, which are not covered in the 1951 Convention.^[19]

Individual assessment [edit]

For persons who practice not come into the country as part of a bigger grouping individual asylum interviews are conducted to constitute whether the person has sufficient reasons for seeking asylum.

Appeals [edit]

In many countries, aviary applicants can challenge a rejection by challenging the decision in a court or migration review console. In the Uk, more than ane in four decisions to refuse an aviary seeker protection are overturned by immigration judges.^[20]

Rights of aviary seekers [edit]

Whilst waiting for a decision aviary seekers have limited rights in the land of asylum. In virtually countries they are not allowed to work and in some countries not even to volunteer. In some countries they are not allowed to motility freely within the country.^{[ citation needed ]} Even access to health care is limited. In the European union, those who have yet to be granted official status as refugees and are even so within the asylum process take some restricted rights to healthcare access.^[21] This includes admission to medical and psychological care.^[21] However, these may vary depending on the host state. For example, nether the Asylum Seekers Benefits Deed (Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz) in Germany, asylum seekers are outside master care and are limited to emergency wellness care, vaccinations, pregnancy and childbirth with limitations on specialty care.^[21] Asylum seekers have greater take chances of experiencing unmet health needs as compared to the full general German population. Asylum seekers also have greater odds of infirmary admissions and at least one visit to a psychotherapists relative to the German language general population.^{[ citation needed ]}

Issues [edit]

Research suggests cross-sector collaboration is key to help refugees and asylum seekers resettle and integrate into receiving communities, workplaces and schools.^{[22] [23] [24] [25]}

Not-governmental organizations concerned with refugees and asylum seekers have pointed out difficulties for displaced persons to seek asylum in industrialized countries. As the immigration policy in many countries oftentimes focuses on the fight of illegal immigration and the strengthening of border controls, it deters displaced persons from entering territory in which they could guild an asylum merits. The lack of opportunities to legally admission the asylum procedures can strength displaced persons to undertake frequently expensive and hazardous attempts at illegal entry.

In contempo years, the public as well as policy makers of many countries are focussing more and more on refugees arriving through 3rd country resettlement and pay less and less attending to aviary seekers and those who have already been granted refugee status simply did non come through resettlement. Asylum seekers have even been referred to as 'queue jumpers', because they did non wait for their chance to exist resettled.^[26]

Quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees is highly correlated with the mental health status. The presence of mental disorders similar depression or PTSD is mainly due to the forced migration and the resettlement in host countries.^[27]

Destitution [edit]

Because asylum seekers oftentimes have to wait for months or years for the results of their asylum applications and because they are usually not allowed to work and but receive minimal or no fiscal back up, destitution is a considerable risk.^{[ citation needed ]}

Asylum seekers ordinarily become some kind of support from governments whilst their application is candy. However, in some countries this back up ends immediately once they are given refugee status. Just the fact that they were given refugee status does not mean that they were already given all the documents they demand for starting their new lives.^[28] Long waiting times significantly reduce the likelihood to obtain a job and the social integration of refugees.^[27]

Refusal of asylum [edit]

It frequently happens that the country neither recognizes the refugee condition of the asylum seekers nor sees them as legitimate migrants and thus treats them equally illegal aliens. If an asylum merits has been rejected, the aviary seeker is said to be refused asylum, and called a failed asylum seeker. Some failed asylum seekers are immune to remain temporarily, some return home voluntarily and some are forcibly returned. The latter are most often placed in immigration detention earlier being deported.

In some cases in which aviary is not granted, the bidder is given the right to remain temporarily. In the UK, refused cases may be granted humanitarian protection (usually for five years) or discretionary leave to remain.

Asylum and refugee law by jurisdiction [edit]

Jurisdiction	Article	Past and present legislation/treaties	Related organizations and programs	Related events and people
African Spousal relationship		Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa Kampala Convention	Africa Refugee Day
Australia	Aviary in Commonwealth of australia		Asylum Seeker Resource Middle
Albania				Uyghur aviary in Albania
Azerbaijan	Refugees in Republic of azerbaijan
Brazil			National Committee for Refugees (Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados  [pt], CONARE)
Canada	Asylum in Canada	Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement	Clearing, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Clearing and Refugee Board of Canada	Hong Kong aviary seekers in Canada
Mainland china (incl. Hong Kong)	Refugees in Hong Kong		Justice Centre Hong Kong
Cuba				American fugitives in Cuba
Kingdom of denmark			Center Sandholm Danish Refugee Quango
Europe	Asylum in the European Union	Dublin Regulation European Social Charter Reception Conditions Directive, 2003 Policy Plan on Asylum, 2008 European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, 2008 Aviary Procedures Directive, 2013	European Asylum Back up Function European Asylum Curriculum Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Eurodac European Council on Refugees and Exiles European Database on Asylum Police force[29]	European refugee crunch
Finland			Finnish Refugee Council
France	Asylum in France	Code de l'Entree et du Sejour des Etrangers et du Droit d'Asile (CESEDA)[30] Law on immigration and integration, 2006 Police on the control of immigration, integration and aviary, 2007	France terre d'asile Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA; Part for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons)
Frg	Asylum in Germany		Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund (offered by UNHCR) Pro Asyl
Greece			METAdrasi Hellenic Rescue Team	2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Hellenic republic
India	Refugees in India		Migration and Asylum Project UNHCR Representation in Bharat
Ireland			Doras Irish Refugee Quango Movement of Aviary Seekers in Republic of ireland Nasc Sanctuary Runners	Bulelani Mfaco Lucky Khambule
State of israel	Israeli policy for non-Jewish African refugees			Usumain Baraka Eduard Stavytsky Payam Feili
Latin America		Cartagena Announcement on Refugees[i]
Heart Due east			United nations Relief and Works Bureau for Palestine Refugees Clan Najdeh
New Zealand	Refugees in New Zealand		Refugee Status Appeals Authority
Norway	Refugees in Norway		Norwegian Refugee Council	Rafał Gaweł
Russia(incl. Soviet Union)	Refugees and aviary in Russia			Edward Lee Howard
South korea	Refugees in South Korea			Refugees on Jeju Island
Switzerland			Exist aware and share UniRef
UK	Asylum in the UK	Polish Resettlement Act, 1947 Nationality, Immigration and Aviary Deed, 2002 Aviary and Immigration (Handling of Claimants, etc.) Deed, 2004 Great britain Borders Act, 2007	Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Asylum Back up Partnership Refugee Council Scottish Refugee Quango Unity Welsh Refugee Quango	Jews escaping to the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
Un(incl. League of Nations)		Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967	Organizations: UN Loftier Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) International Refugee Organization UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador International Organisation for Migration United nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Nansen International Office for Refugees Documentation: Humanitarian visa Refugee identity certificate Refugee travel certificate Campaigns/initiatives: World Refugee Day Nansen Refugee Award
U.s.	Asylum in the Usa	Immigration and Nationality Human activity, 1952 Migration and Refugee Assist Human activity, 1962 Immigration and Nationality Human activity, 1965 Usa Refugee Human activity, 1980 Immigration Act, 1990 Canada–United States Safe Tertiary Country Agreement	Immigration and Naturalization Service U.South. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)	Operation Provide Comfort

Meet as well [edit]

• Correct of asylum
• Church asylum
• Impediment to expulsion
• Internally displaced person
• Forced deportation in popular civilization
• Refugee employment
• Refugee identity document
• Refugee roulette
• Sanctuary city
• Statelessness

[edit]

• Organization for Refugees Asylum and Migration^[31]
• Immunity International
• International Committee of the Red Cross
• International Cities of Refuge Network
• Un High Commissioner for Refugees

References [edit]

1. ^ UNHCR (19 May 2016). "UNHCR worldwide population overview". UNHCR. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
2. ^ Horning, A. (2020). "Double-edged risk: unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) in Sweden and their search for safety" (PDF). Periodical of Refugee Studies . Retrieved 2020-09-27 . ^{[ dead link ]}
3. ^ "Asylee Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster".
4. ^ United nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Asylum-Seekers". Unhcr.org . Retrieved 2016-07-16 .
5. ^ Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration, 2014, page 83
6. ^ María-Teresa Gil-Bazo, 2006: Refugee status, subsidiary protection, and the correct to be granted asylum nether EC law; Inquiry Paper No. 136, page 7
7. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
8. ^ "Assessment of Credibility in Claims for Refugee Protection - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada". Irb-cisr.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-07-16 .
9. ^ "Improving consistency in decision-making". ALRC. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2015-12-xviii .
10. ^ María-Teresa Gil-Bazo, 2006: Refugee status, subsidiary protection, and the right to be granted asylum under EC law; Research Paper No. 136, page ten
11. ^ "2014 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
12. ^ "2013 Statistical Yearbook: Tables of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
13. ^ "2012: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
14. ^ "2011: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Addendum tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
15. ^ "2010: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
16. ^ "2009: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
17. ^ "2008: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
18. ^ "2007: Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables". Retrieved 2019-12-28 .
19. ^ UNHCR Resettlement Handbook, United nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2011, page nineteen
20. ^ Shaw, Jan "Will the Uk Continue to Accept I in Four Refused Asylum Cases Overturned on Appeal?", The Huffington Postal service, eighteen April 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
21. ^ ^{a b c} Schneider, C., South. Joos, and Grand. Bozorgmehr (2015). "Disparities in wellness and access to healthcare between aviary seekers and residents in Germany: a population-based cross-sectional feasibility study". BMJ Open. 5 (eleven): e008784. doi:x.1136/bmjopen-2015-008784. PMC4636623. PMID 26537498. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
22. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Nardon, Luciara (April 2020). "Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling : A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration". International Journal of Management Reviews. 22 (2): 193–216. doi:10.1111/ijmr.12222. ISSN 1460-8545. S2CID 216204168.
23. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Roy, Priya A.; Szkudlarek, Betina (2021-08-16), Chavan, Meena; Taksa, Lucy (eds.), "Integrating Refugees Into the Workplace – A Collaborative Approach", Intercultural Management in Exercise, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 121–129, doi:10.1108/978-ane-83982-826-320211011, ISBN978-one-83982-827-0, S2CID 238706123, retrieved 2021-09-27
24. ^ Szkudlarek, Betina; Nardon, Luciara; Osland, Joyce S.; Adler, Nancy J.; Lee, Eun Su (August 2021). "When Context Matters: What Happens to International Theory When Researchers Written report Refugees". Academy of Management Perspectives. 35 (3): 461–484. doi:10.5465/amp.2018.0150. ISSN 1558-9080.
25. ^ Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina (2021-04-xiv). "Refugee employment back up: The HRM–CSR nexus and stakeholder co‐dependency". Human Resource Management Periodical. 31 (four): 1748–8583.12352. doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12352. ISSN 0954-5395. S2CID 234855263.
26. ^ Resettlement: where'due south the evidence, what's the strategy?, Alexander Betts, Forced Migration Review 54, Jan 2017, page 73
27. ^ ^{a b} van der Boor, Catharina F.; Amos, Rebekah; Nevitt, Sarah; Dowrick, Christopher; White, Ross G. (2020). "Systematic review of factors associated with quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees in loftier-income countries". Conflict and Wellness. fourteen (xiv): 48. doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1771008. ISSN 1752-1505. OCLC 8653932484. PMC7473035. PMID 32699551. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020.
28. ^ "New refugees face homelessness and destitution". Refugeecouncil.org.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. 2014-05-07. Retrieved 2016-07-16 .
29. ^ "EDAL | European Database of Asylum Law".
30. ^ "Lawmaking de l'entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d'asile [in French]. Légifrance. Updated 27 November 2020. Retrieved iv December 2020.
31. ^ Home page, ORAM. Retrieved 2020 December 4.

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Adopted by Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, United mexican states, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela

Further reading [edit]

• Hatton, Timothy J. 2020. "Aviary Migration to the Adult Earth: Persecution, Incentives, and Policy. " Journal of Economic Perspectives 34(1):75-93.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asylum_seeker

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